In the service manual the chapter on BUDS and diagnostics is like 30 pages. It’s pretty much the same diagnostics systems that are in modern cars and airplanes. BRP also builds airplanes and it uses the same system in planes as it does in all of its toys. It’s modules electronically talking to each other and when a module receives a fault from one of its inputs,IBR,flap motor, TPS, EGT sensor, etc it notifies the main module, ECM in Ski doos and it either stores the fault or sends it to our display module which you can then see on one of your gauges.
BRP BUDS2 is a licensed software which BRP only makes available to authorized dealers which makes it somewhat difficult for the DIYer to maintain and service your own ski.
A couple software companies similar Candoo Pro have made the the software available to the general public but it is does not include all the BUDS diagnostic tools. Not sure if it’s copied or purchased from BRP.
It’s all about the dollar for BRP and it’s dealers.