Trailer springs will always rust.1st up it is oxidization.Thats the coating of rust you get on them.The u-bolts that hold the axle to the spring should be the same.It's the type of steel the springs are made of.If they are washed with fresh water and sprayed after each use,10 years or more before you have trouble.(wd-40 or any silicone spray).
They are made of a high carbon steel and rust very quickly.But it's only on the surface.Look at the blades of a forklift that have been wet.They have rust on them overnight.It's a very similar steel used.Spring steel can start to rust in 7 minutes in humid climates.
My point is,clean and spray them and the only thing you will have to worry about is the shackle bushes.Hope this helps